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Trademarks Act, RSC 1985, c T-13

  • Short Title
    s. 1
    • 1 Short title
      s. 1
  • Interpretation
    s. 2
    • 2 Definitions
      s. 2
    • 2.1 Reference to person
      s. 2.1
    • 3 When deemed to be adopted
      s. 3
    • 4(1) When deemed to be used
      s. 4(1)
    • 4(2) Idem
      s. 4(2)
    • 4(3) Use by export
      s. 4(3)
    • 5 When deemed to be made known
      s. 5
    • 6(1) When mark or name confusing
      s. 6(1)
    • 6(2) Confusion — trademark with other trademark
      s. 6(2)
    • 6(3) Confusion — trademark with trade name
      s. 6(3)
    • 6(4) Confusion — trade name with trademark
      s. 6(4)
    • 6(5) What to be considered
      s. 6(5)
  • Unfair Competition and Prohibited Signs
    s. 7
    • 7 Prohibitions
      s. 7
    • 8 Warranty of lawful use
      s. 8
    • 9(1) Prohibited marks
      s. 9(1)
    • 9(2) Excepted uses
      s. 9(2)
    • 10 Further prohibitions
      s. 10
    • 10.1 Further prohibitions
      s. 10.1
    • 11 Further prohibitions
      s. 11
    • 11.1 Further prohibitions
      s. 11.1
  • Geographical Indications
    s. 11.11
    • 11.11(1) Definitions
      s. 11.11(1)
    • 11.11(2) Designation of Minister
      s. 11.11(2)
    • 11.11(3) When indication confusing with trademark
      s. 11.11(3)
    • 11.11(4) What to be considered
      s. 11.11(4)
    • 11.12(1) List
      s. 11.12(1)
    • 11.12(2) Statement of Minister — indication
      s. 11.12(2)
    • 11.12(2.1) Statement of Minister — translation
      s. 11.12(2.1)
    • 11.12(3) Information — indication
      s. 11.12(3)
    • 11.12(3.1) Information — translation
      s. 11.12(3.1)
    • 11.12(4) Removal from list
      s. 11.12(4)
    • 11.12(5) Obvious error
      s. 11.12(5)
    • 11.12(6) Evidence of entry
      s. 11.12(6)
    • 11.12(7) Evidence of statement
      s. 11.12(7)
    • 11.12(8) Certified copies
      s. 11.12(8)
    • 11.13(1) Statement of objection
      s. 11.13(1)
    • 11.13(2) Grounds — indication
      s. 11.13(2)
    • 11.13(2.1) Grounds — translation
      s. 11.13(2.1)
    • 11.13(3) Content
      s. 11.13(3)
    • 11.13(3.1) Frivolous objection
      s. 11.13(3.1)
    • 11.13(3.2) Power to strike
      s. 11.13(3.2)
    • 11.13(4) Counter statement
      s. 11.13(4)
    • 11.13(5) Evidence and hearing
      s. 11.13(5)
    • 11.13(5.1) Service
      s. 11.13(5.1)
    • 11.13(6) No evidence — objector
      s. 11.13(6)
    • 11.13(6.1) No evidence — responsible authority
      s. 11.13(6.1)
    • 11.13(7) Decision
      s. 11.13(7)
    • 11.13(8) Effect of decision on translations
      s. 11.13(8)
    • 11.14(1) Prohibited adoption of indication for wines
      s. 11.14(1)
    • 11.14(2) Prohibited use
      s. 11.14(2)
    • 11.14(3) Prohibited use
      s. 11.14(3)
    • 11.14(4) Prohibited adoption of indication for spirits
      s. 11.14(4)
    • 11.14(5) Prohibited use
      s. 11.14(5)
    • 11.14(6) Prohibited use
      s. 11.14(6)
    • 11.15(1) Prohibited adoption of indication for agricultural products or food
      s. 11.15(1)
    • 11.15(2) Prohibited use
      s. 11.15(2)
    • 11.15(3) Prohibited use
      s. 11.15(3)
    • 11.16(1) Exception when authorized
      s. 11.16(1)
    • 11.16(2) Exception for personal names
      s. 11.16(2)
    • 11.16(3) Exception for comparative advertising
      s. 11.16(3)
    • 11.16(4) Exception not applicable to labels or packaging
      s. 11.16(4)
    • 11.17(1) Continued use — wines or spirits
      s. 11.17(1)
    • 11.17(2) Definition of Canadian
      s. 11.17(2)
    • 11.17(3) Use — certain cheeses
      s. 11.17(3)
    • 11.17(4) Use with qualifying term
      s. 11.17(4)
    • 11.17(5) Use of the indication “Beaufort”
      s. 11.17(5)
    • 11.17(6) Use of the indication “Nürnberger Bratwürste”
      s. 11.17(6)
    • 11.17(7) Use of the indication “Jambon de Bayonne”
      s. 11.17(7)
    • 11.17(8) Restriction
      s. 11.17(8)
    • 11.18(1) Exception for disuse
      s. 11.18(1)
    • 11.18(2) Exceptions for customary names
      s. 11.18(2)
    • 11.18(2.1) Exception for translation — customary term
      s. 11.18(2.1)
    • 11.18(3) Exception for common names for wines
      s. 11.18(3)
    • 11.18(4) Exception for common names for spirits
      s. 11.18(4)
    • 11.18(4.1) Exception for common names for agricultural products or food
      s. 11.18(4.1)
    • 11.18(4.2) Spelling variations
      s. 11.18(4.2)
    • 11.18(4.3) Exception — “county”
      s. 11.18(4.3)
    • 11.18(5) Powers of Governor in Council
      s. 11.18(5)
    • 11.19(1) Exception for failure to take proceedings
      s. 11.19(1)
    • 11.19(2) Proceedings after five years
      s. 11.19(2)
    • 11.2(1) Acquired rights — wines
      s. 11.2(1)
    • 11.2(2) Acquired rights — spirits
      s. 11.2(2)
    • 11.2(3) Acquired rights — agricultural products and food
      s. 11.2(3)
    • 11.21(1) Removal from the list
      s. 11.21(1)
    • 11.21(2) Grounds — indication
      s. 11.21(2)
    • 11.21(3) Grounds — translation
      s. 11.21(3)
    • 11.21(4) How application is made
      s. 11.21(4)
    • 11.21(5) Summary proceedings
      s. 11.21(5)
    • 11.21(6) Effect of order on translation
      s. 11.21(6)
    • 11.22 CETA indications
      s. 11.22
    • 11.23 Canada — Korea indications
      s. 11.23
    • 11.24 Powers of Governor in Council
      s. 11.24
  • Registrable Trademarks
    s. 12
    • 12(1) When trademark registrable
      s. 12(1)
    • 12(2) Utilitarian function
      s. 12(2)
    • 12(3) Registrable if distinctive
      s. 12(3)
    • 13
      s. 13
    • 14
      s. 14
    • 15 Registration of confusing trademarks
      s. 15
  • Persons Entitled to Registration of Trademarks
    s. 16
    • 16(1) Entitlement to registration
      s. 16(1)
    • 16(2) Pending application
      s. 16(2)
    • 16(3) Previous use or making known
      s. 16(3)
  • Validity and Effect of Registration
    s. 17
    • 17(1) Effect of registration in relation to previous use, etc.
      s. 17(1)
    • 17(2) When registration incontestable
      s. 17(2)
    • 18(1) When registration invalid
      s. 18(1)
    • 18(2) Exception
      s. 18(2)
    • 18.1 Not to limit art or industry
      s. 18.1
    • 19 Rights conferred by registration
      s. 19
    • 20(1) Infringement
      s. 20(1)
    • 20(1.01) Deemed infringement under paragraph (1)(b)
      s. 20(1.01)
    • 20(1.1) Exception — bona fide use
      s. 20(1.1)
    • 20(1.2) Exception — utilitarian feature
      s. 20(1.2)
    • 20(2) Exception
      s. 20(2)
    • 21(1) Concurrent use of confusing marks
      s. 21(1)
    • 21(2) Registration of order
      s. 21(2)
    • 22(1) Depreciation of goodwill
      s. 22(1)
    • 22(2) Action
      s. 22(2)
  • Certification Marks
    s. 23
    • 23(1) Registration of certification marks
      s. 23(1)
    • 23(2) Licence
      s. 23(2)
    • 23(3) Unauthorized use
      s. 23(3)
    • 23(4) Action by unincorporated body
      s. 23(4)
    • 24 Registration of trademark confusing with certification mark
      s. 24
    • 25 Descriptive certification mark
      s. 25
  • Register of Trademarks
    s. 26
    • 26(1) Register
      s. 26(1)
    • 26(2) Information to be shown
      s. 26(2)
    • 27 Register under Unfair Competition Act
      s. 27
    • 28
      s. 28
    • 29(1) Available to public
      s. 29(1)
    • 29(2) Certified copies
      s. 29(2)
    • 29.1 Destruction of records
      s. 29.1
  • Applications for Registration of Trademarks
    s. 30
    • 30(1) Requirements for application
      s. 30(1)
    • 30(2) Contents of application
      s. 30(2)
    • 30(3) Nice Classification
      s. 30(3)
    • 30(4) Disagreement
      s. 30(4)
    • 31 Standard characters
      s. 31
    • 32(1) Further evidence in certain cases
      s. 32(1)
    • 32(2) Registration to be restricted
      s. 32(2)
    • 33(1) Filing date
      s. 33(1)
    • 33(2) Outstanding items
      s. 33(2)
    • 33(3) Application deemed never filed
      s. 33(3)
    • 34(1) Date of application abroad deemed date of application in Canada
      s. 34(1)
    • 34(2) Evidence requests
      s. 34(2)
    • 34(3) How and when evidence must be furnished
      s. 34(3)
    • 34(4) Withdrawal of request
      s. 34(4)
    • 34(5) Extension
      s. 34(5)
    • 35 Disclaimer
      s. 35
    • 36 Abandonment
      s. 36
    • 37(1) When applications to be refused
      s. 37(1)
    • 37(2) Notice to applicant
      s. 37(2)
    • 37(3) Doubtful cases
      s. 37(3)
    • 37(4) Withdrawal of advertisement
      s. 37(4)
    • 38(1) Statement of opposition
      s. 38(1)
    • 38(2) Grounds
      s. 38(2)
    • 38(3) Content
      s. 38(3)
    • 38(4) Frivolous opposition
      s. 38(4)
    • 38(5) Substantial issue
      s. 38(5)
    • 38(6) Power to strike
      s. 38(6)
    • 38(7) Counter statement
      s. 38(7)
    • 38(8) Evidence and hearing
      s. 38(8)
    • 38(9) Service
      s. 38(9)
    • 38(10) Deemed withdrawal of opposition
      s. 38(10)
    • 38(11) Deemed abandonment of application
      s. 38(11)
    • 38(12) Decision
      s. 38(12)
    • 39(1) Divisional application
      s. 39(1)
    • 39(2) Identification
      s. 39(2)
    • 39(3) Separate application
      s. 39(3)
    • 39(4) Filing date
      s. 39(4)
    • 39(5) Division of divisional application
      s. 39(5)
  • Registration of Trademarks
    s. 40
    • 40 Registration of trademarks
      s. 40
  • Amendment of the Register
    s. 41
    • 41(1) Amendments to register
      s. 41(1)
    • 41(2) Conditions
      s. 41(2)
    • 41(3) Obvious error
      s. 41(3)
    • 41(4) Removal of registration
      s. 41(4)
    • 42
      s. 42
    • 43 Additional representations
      s. 43
    • 44(1) Notice for information
      s. 44(1)
    • 44(2) Amendments to register
      s. 44(2)
    • 44(3) Failure to give information
      s. 44(3)
    • 44.1(1) Registrar may require amendment
      s. 44.1(1)
    • 44.1(2) Amendments to register
      s. 44.1(2)
    • 44.1(3) Failure to furnish statement
      s. 44.1(3)
    • 44.1(4) Disagreement
      s. 44.1(4)
    • 45(1) Registrar may request evidence of use
      s. 45(1)
    • 45(2) Form of evidence
      s. 45(2)
    • 45(2.1) Service
      s. 45(2.1)
    • 45(2.2) Failure to serve
      s. 45(2.2)
    • 45(3) Effect of non-use
      s. 45(3)
    • 45(4) Notice to owner
      s. 45(4)
    • 45(5) Action by Registrar
      s. 45(5)
  • Renewal of Registrations
    s. 46
    • 46(1) Term
      s. 46(1)
    • 46(2) Notice to renew
      s. 46(2)
    • 46(3) Failure to renew
      s. 46(3)
    • 46(4) Renewal
      s. 46(4)
    • 46(5) Extension
      s. 46(5)
    • 46(6) Prescribed period
      s. 46(6)
    • 46.1 Renewal for goods or services
      s. 46.1
  • Extensions of Time
    s. 47
    • 47(1) Extensions of time
      s. 47(1)
    • 47(2) Conditions
      s. 47(2)
    • 47.1(1) Proceeding under section 45
      s. 47.1(1)
    • 47.1(2) One time extension
      s. 47.1(2)
  • Transfer
    s. 48
    • 48(1) Trademark transferable
      s. 48(1)
    • 48(2) Where two or more persons interested
      s. 48(2)
    • 48(3) Transfer of application
      s. 48(3)
    • 48(4) Transfer of trademark
      s. 48(4)
    • 48(5) Removal of recording or registration
      s. 48(5)
  • Change of Purpose in Use of Trademark
    s. 49
    • 49 Change of purpose
      s. 49
  • Licences
    s. 50
    • 50(1) Licence to use trademark
      s. 50(1)
    • 50(2) Idem
      s. 50(2)
    • 50(3) Owner may be required to take proceedings
      s. 50(3)
    • 51(1) Use of trademark by related companies
      s. 51(1)
    • 51(2) Where difference in composition
      s. 51(2)
    • 51(3) Definition of pharmaceutical preparation
      s. 51(3)
  • Offences and Punishment
    s. 51.01
    • 51.01(1) Sale, etc., of goods
      s. 51.01(1)
    • 51.01(2) Manufacture, etc., of goods
      s. 51.01(2)
    • 51.01(3) Services
      s. 51.01(3)
    • 51.01(4) Labels or packaging
      s. 51.01(4)
    • 51.01(5) Trafficking in labels or packaging
      s. 51.01(5)
    • 51.01(5.1) Registration of trademark
      s. 51.01(5.1)
    • 51.01(6) Punishment
      s. 51.01(6)
    • 51.01(7) Limitation Period
      s. 51.01(7)
    • 51.01(8) Disposition order
      s. 51.01(8)
    • 51.01(9) Notice
      s. 51.01(9)
  • Importation and Exportation
    s. 51.02
    • Interpretation
      s. 51.02
      • 51.02 Definitions
        s. 51.02
    • Prohibition
      s. 51.03
      • 51.03(1) No importation or exportation
        s. 51.03(1)
      • 51.03(2) Exception
        s. 51.03(2)
      • 51.03(2.1) Wine or spirits
        s. 51.03(2.1)
      • 51.03(2.2) Agricultural products or food
        s. 51.03(2.2)
      • 51.03(2.3) Exception
        s. 51.03(2.3)
      • 51.03(2.4) Customs transit or transhipment control
        s. 51.03(2.4)
      • 51.03(3) Restriction
        s. 51.03(3)
    • Request for Assistance
      s. 51.04
      • 51.04(1) Request for assistance
        s. 51.04(1)
      • 51.04(2) Information in request
        s. 51.04(2)
      • 51.04(3) Validity period
        s. 51.04(3)
      • 51.04(4) Security
        s. 51.04(4)
      • 51.04(5) Update
        s. 51.04(5)
    • Measures Relating to Detained Goods
      s. 51.05
      • 51.05 Provision of information by customs officer
        s. 51.05
      • 51.06(1) Provision of information to pursue remedy
        s. 51.06(1)
      • 51.06(2) Detention
        s. 51.06(2)
      • 51.06(3) Notice of proceedings
        s. 51.06(3)
      • 51.06(4) Continued detention
        s. 51.06(4)
      • 51.07(1) Restriction on information use — section 51.05
        s. 51.07(1)
      • 51.07(2) Restriction on information use — subsection 51.06(1)
        s. 51.07(2)
      • 51.07(3) For greater certainty
        s. 51.07(3)
      • 51.08 Inspection
        s. 51.08
      • 51.09(1) Liability for charges
        s. 51.09(1)
      • 51.09(2) Exception — paragraph (1)(a)
        s. 51.09(2)
      • 51.09(3) Exception — paragraph (1)(c)
        s. 51.09(3)
      • 51.09(4) Joint and several or solidary liability
        s. 51.09(4)
      • 51.09(5) Exception
        s. 51.09(5)
    • No Liability
      s. 51.1
      • 51.1 No liability
        s. 51.1
    • Powers of Court Relating to Detained Goods
      s. 51.11
      • 51.11(1) Application to court
        s. 51.11(1)
      • 51.11(2) Minister’s consent
        s. 51.11(2)
      • 51.11(4) Continued detention
        s. 51.11(4)
      • 51.11(5) Security
        s. 51.11(5)
      • 51.12 Damages against trademark owner
        s. 51.12
  • Trademark Agents
    s. 51.13
    • 51.13(1) Privileged communication
      s. 51.13(1)
    • 51.13(2) Waiver
      s. 51.13(2)
    • 51.13(3) Exceptions
      s. 51.13(3)
    • 51.13(4) Trademark agents — country other than Canada
      s. 51.13(4)
    • 51.13(5) Individual acting on behalf of trademark agent or client
      s. 51.13(5)
    • 51.13(6) Application
      s. 51.13(6)
    • 51.13(7) Definition of trademark agent
      s. 51.13(7)
  • Legal Proceedings
    s. 52
    • 52 Definitions
      s. 52
    • 53(1) Proceedings for interim custody
      s. 53(1)
    • 53(2) Security
      s. 53(2)
    • 53(3) Lien for charges
      s. 53(3)
    • 53(4) Prohibition of imports
      s. 53(4)
    • 53(5) How application made
      s. 53(5)
    • 53(6) Limitation
      s. 53(6)
    • 53.1(1) Proceedings for detention by Minister
      s. 53.1(1)
    • 53.1(2) How application made
      s. 53.1(2)
    • 53.1(3) Court may require security
      s. 53.1(3)
    • 53.1(4) Application for directions
      s. 53.1(4)
    • 53.1(5) Minister may allow inspection
      s. 53.1(5)
    • 53.1(6) Where applicant fails to commence an action
      s. 53.1(6)
    • 53.1(7) Where court finds in plaintiff’s favour
      s. 53.1(7)
    • 53.2(1) Power of court to grant relief
      s. 53.2(1)
    • 53.2(2) Notice to interested persons
      s. 53.2(2)
    • 53.3(1) Unaltered state — exportation, sale or distribution
      s. 53.3(1)
    • 53.3(2) Removal of trademark
      s. 53.3(2)
    • 54(1) Evidence
      s. 54(1)
    • 54(2) Idem
      s. 54(2)
    • 54(3) Idem
      s. 54(3)
    • 54(4) Idem
      s. 54(4)
    • 55 Jurisdiction of Federal Court
      s. 55
    • 56(1) Appeal
      s. 56(1)
    • 56(2) Procedure
      s. 56(2)
    • 56(3) Notice to owner
      s. 56(3)
    • 56(4) Public notice
      s. 56(4)
    • 56(5) Additional evidence
      s. 56(5)
    • 57(1) Exclusive jurisdiction of Federal Court
      s. 57(1)
    • 57(2) Restriction
      s. 57(2)
    • 58 How proceedings instituted
      s. 58
    • 59(1) Notice to set out grounds
      s. 59(1)
    • 59(2) Reply
      s. 59(2)
    • 59(3) Hearing
      s. 59(3)
    • 60 Registrar to transmit documents
      s. 60
    • 61(1) Judgments
      s. 61(1)
    • 61(2) Judgment sent by parties
      s. 61(2)
  • General
    s. 62
    • 62 Administration
      s. 62
    • 63(1) Registrar
      s. 63(1)
    • 63(2) Acting registrar
      s. 63(2)
    • 63(3) Assistants
      s. 63(3)
    • 63(4) Appeal
      s. 63(4)
    • 64(1) Electronic form and means
      s. 64(1)
    • 64(2) Collection, storage, etc.
      s. 64(2)
    • 64(3) Definition
      s. 64(3)
    • 65 Regulations
      s. 65
    • 65.1 Regulations — Madrid Protocol and Singapore Treaty
      s. 65.1
    • 65.2 Regulations
      s. 65.2
    • 66(1) Time period extended
      s. 66(1)
    • 66(2) Power to designate day
      s. 66(2)
  • Newfoundland
    s. 67
    • 67(1) Registration of trademark before April 1, 1949
      s. 67(1)
    • 67(2) Applications for trademarks pending April 1, 1949
      s. 67(2)
    • 68 Use of trademark or trade name before April 1, 1949
      s. 68
  • Transitional Provisions
    s. 68.1
    • 68.1(1) Use of the indication “Beaufort”
      s. 68.1(1)
    • 68.1(2) Use of the indication “Nürnberger Bratwürste”
      s. 68.1(2)
    • 68.1(3) Use of the indication “Jambon de Bayonne”
      s. 68.1(3)
    • 68.1(4) Restriction
      s. 68.1(4)
    • 68.2 Non-application of paragraph 38(2)(a.1)
      s. 68.2
    • 69
      s. 69
    • 69.1 Application not advertised
      s. 69.1
    • 70(1) Application advertised
      s. 70(1)
    • 70(2) Regulations
      s. 70(2)
    • 70(3) Nice Classification
      s. 70(3)
    • 70(4) Disagreement
      s. 70(4)
    • 71 Declaration of use
      s. 71
    • 72 Registered trademarks — applications filed before coming into force
      s. 72
    • 73(1) Registered trademarks
      s. 73(1)
    • 73(2) Application of paragraph 26(2)(e.1)
      s. 73(2)
    • 73(3) Amending register
      s. 73(3)
    • 73(4) Subsection 46(1)
      s. 73(4)
  • SCHEDULE
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